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The organization began as an ad hoc committee in Washington, D.C. and New York City in September 1972. A group of American scientists, physicians and engineers recognized the need to translate into constructive countrywide action their deep concern about colleagues who are denied fundamental scientific and personal rights because of their outspoken political views at variance with the regimes under which they live or their expressed desire to emigrate.
Enlisting the aid and cooperation of associates in the American scientific and academic communities, specific activities (petitions, official statements from learned societies, public meetings and publications) on behalf of oppressed Soviet scholars were undertaken.
The Committee grew in size and scope in response to the severity of problems facing increasing numbers of colleagues in many other countries.